مجله دراسات فی العلوم الانسانیه
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 3 (خریف 1442)

Chain businesses around the world are growing as the top and largest businesses, enriching all actors in the industry day by day. The present study seeks to provide a branding model for the acquisition of rural chain businesses in Iran. This research is applied and in terms of data collection method, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews, focus group and expert grouping were used and in the quantitative part, PLS software was used. In order to evaluate the reliability of the research measurement model, factor load coefficients, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficients and combined reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity were performed. The results show that the proposed model has 5 main dimensions: market stimulus, social context, growing infrastructure, value creation and business clusters. Components identified in the market stimulus dimension include: brand, market and customer, in the social context dimension include: communications, culture, in the growing infrastructure dimension including: strategy, law and capital, knowledge management, economic infrastructure and process management, in the value creation dimension. It has two components of entrepreneurial characteristics and entrepreneurial process, and in the dimension of business clusters, it also has two components of tourism and rural areas.

Childbearing is a very important concept in contemporary demographic theories, referred to as fertility. In order to describe and understand this concept, the current article has taken into account the views and ideas of Muslim thinkers such as Al-Farabi, Miskawayh, Al-Machr('39')arri, Ibn Sina, Khaje Nasir al-Din, and Ibn Khaldun, using the attributional method. This reseacrh is important as today’s university system of Iran is based on the principles of Islamic law hence; there is need for indigenous knowledge in all fields of humanities, including demography. The findings of the study show that all the thinkers have had paid attention to the issue of reproduction and its related forces. The importance of reproduction or generational reproduction in their view has been so importnat that they not only introduced fertility as a vital feature of women but also explained the first and foremost purpose of marriage as the human generational reproduction. They used religious verses and traditions to substantiate their views. However, Al-Machr('39')arri is an exception as he recommends men to abstain from marriage and childbearing. The analysis of the findings and results shows that the Muslim thinkers, despite discussing about childbearing and related phenomenon, have not provided figures in this regar and rather expressed their ideas theoretically. Of course, this should not be seen as a sign of the weaknesses of those great thinkers, but that was probably due to a limitation on statistical data in the past.

The need for reviving historical textures has long been attracting a lot of attention and developed countries have tried to flourish their historical textures and precious historical sites and revived their past cultural identity. Reviving and maintaining precious historical textures is considered an important part of cultural configuration of a society and requires regular cultural activities and related trainings. District 12 is considered as one of the most valuable centers of historical monuments in Tehran because it is located in historical core of the city and includes cultural and historical centers such as Golestan palace, Abgine, stamp, national jewelry, coin, property and etc. but this texture has faced different challenges due to some of the problems like decaying, weak repairing and management as well as lack of proper culture training in reviving these areas. Present study defines three main steps for recognizing and reviving this structure. The first step focuses on identifying the main structure shaping historical cities and the role and location of residential neighborhood there. In the second step, values and the neighborhood texture pathology are discovered and citizens are informed about historical textures revival and required information about culturalization. The final step includes a precise and understandable perspective for the neighbors by using executives and likewise study about the knowledge of residents of the EmamzadehYahya neighborhood. In this regard, the residents are required to know their rights, know the duties and abilities the city management and their limitation in managing city affairs at different levels. Then they have to balance their expectations with duties and facilities of the urban management. Understanding these items appropriately, they can ask for their true rights and improvement of their neighborhood and city, ask the city management to meet their expectations and finally help in managing the city and neighborhood affairs.

Conceptual metaphor is a modern method of expressing thoughts, and hidden and inner mental concepts whose appearance in literature is not possible except with a considerable effort. This method was first developed by two European authors named Laykov and Johnson. Conceptual metaphor emerges among peoplechr('39')s common speech mechanism. War, being driven and displacement are among complex and hidden concepts which can only be observed through epic poetry in literature. The modern epic phenomenon in the current era is noticed among Palestinian Resistance poets especially Mahmud Darwish. Although the words resonate with past Arab poets such as Antarah, Tarafa and others allowed them to portray battlefields and their events, Mahmud Darwish placed concept of war and fighting in the form of durable sonnets which we wonchr('39')t face with any difficulties in comprehending them and creating rhetoric frameworks. Mahmud Darwish, known as the Poet of Resistance and one of the romantic symbolist ones, has widely utilized conceptual metaphor besides rhetoric techniques and symbols in his poems. In this study, we tried to analyze conceptual metaphors reflecting poetchr('39')s inner thoughts and expressing events such as war, plundering and displacement in his country by using analytical-descriptive method. We found that concepts like movement, life and humanity are the most mental concepts in the poetchr('39')s works and can be consider as the criteria for evaluating conceptual metaphor. We concluded that the poet has made use of conceptual metaphors to depict the Palestinian Resistance and this method is a simple way to express the amount of his grief and painful memories.

This study compares and discusses a narrative attributed to Imam Ali on the meaning of letter and verb. And the aim is to compare the views of grammarians and scholars of jurisprudents and syntax and find out the extent of their harmony with the narrative. Most of the views of the founders of the new school of principles in Najaf are inconsistent with the content of the narrative because late and contemporary pricipalists have denied the tripartite division of the verb and have similarly, denied the significance of verb on time. But they are considerate with regard to the meaning of the letter to the theory of relation. However, they have distinct views about the theory of relative literal meaning. Probably, the purport of the theory is to make it compatible with the content of the narrative. This research has adopted an analytical method and a lot of effort has been made to evaluate and compare it accurately. Therefore, sometimes it has taken into account what scholars had to say and sometimes their opinions are expressed along with the analysis

The research is about developing a solution to prevent deprivation of grandchildren from the legacy of the grandfather after the death of the father. Since the inheritance will be a source of livelihood for the grandchildren, they are the most closest to the grandfather. This is the fact that scholars and jurists give their opinions on the matter of the presence of uncles for the grandchildren and their inheritance. The aim of this research is to try to find a solution to this problem based on the opinions of two jurists because the issue of inheritance is important and one of the important legal matters in society. The study seeks answer as: Why are grandchildren deprived of inheritance after the death of their father, especially with the presence of uncles? What causes conflict between families and what the grandchildren go through from poverty? In this matter, Shiite and Sunni jurists believe that the grandchildren do not inherit their grandfather as long as uncles themselves are present, that is, the grandsons cannot get anything in the presence of uncles or aunts. As the grandchildren "go down," the nearest to them blocks the farthest ones. However, there is no explicit indication of such deprivation in Qur’anic verses and Hadiths. Based on opinions of some jurists, the study reached to the conclusion that when grandfather writes his Will, grandchildren get about one-third of the inheritance but they don’t get the same currently. The research takes the descriptive and analytical method as an approach since it accommodates the areas in highlighting all opinions and interpretations.